What contributes most significantly to high self-esteem in infants and toddlers?

The development of high self-esteem in infants and toddlers is most significantly influenced by their attachment to caregivers. Secure attachments are foundational for a child's emotional and social development. When caregivers respond consistently and sensitively to a child’s needs, it fosters a sense of safety and trust. This emotional security enables the child to explore their environment, engage with others, and develop a positive self-image.

A strong attachment helps infants and toddlers feel valued and capable, leading them to view themselves positively. As they experience love and support, they become more confident in their abilities, which is a fundamental building block for self-esteem. Without secure attachments, children may struggle with feelings of insecurity and low self-worth.

While factors like the quality of education, social interactions with peers, and engagement in activities are important, they often stem from or are enhanced by the secure attachment formed with caregivers. As such, these aspects do not contribute as directly to self-esteem as the bond between a child and their primary caregivers does.