What is the term for specialized nerve cells in the brain?

Neurons are specialized nerve cells in the brain that are fundamental to the functioning of the nervous system. They are responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals. Each neuron has a unique structure that includes a cell body, dendrites that receive signals from other neurons, and an axon that sends signals to other cells. This complex communication network is essential for various brain functions, including movement, sensation, thought, and emotion.

The other options represent different components or types of cells related to the nervous system. Glial cells, for instance, are supportive cells that help maintain a healthy environment for neurons and play roles in protection, nutrition, and repair. Axons are the long projections of neurons that carry nerve impulses away from the cell body, while dendrites are the branched extensions that receive signals from other neurons. However, it is specifically neurons that are classified as the specialized nerve cells within the brain essential for processing information.